2021-03-01
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With the gradual increase in global sales of electric vehicles, the market penetration rate in the overall auto market continues to increase, meeting the needs of drivers to supplement vehicle power sources, and accelerating the construction of charging systems that help accelerate the penetration rate of electric vehicles. It is urgent and imminent.
At present, it has become a trend to build energy storage systems for batteries (rechargeable batteries) that are used more than twice in office buildings, residential community buildings, and fixed-point charging stations in metropolitan areas across the country to meet the increasing charging needs of electric vehicle drivers. The governments of China, Europe, North America, Japan, South Korea and other countries, when promoting the popularization of electric vehicles, increasing the penetration rate of the overall automobile market, indirectly reducing carbon dioxide emissions, greening the earth and beautifying the living environment, in addition to the general public charging station network In addition to construction, the primary green energy application auxiliary policy implementation option.
By using lithium batteries to store the electricity transmitted by the Taipower grid during off-peak hours, or the power of the green energy power grid, it can not only meet the charging needs of electric car owners when they go to work and at home, but also prevent many electric vehicles from going to work at the same time (such as: going to work). When charging the vehicle after parking the car and returning home from get off work), it not only consumes a large amount of power from the traditional power grid and grid-connected power supply, but may also generate power grids for office buildings, residential community buildings, and fixed-point charging stations due to high temperature and poor heat dissipation. Cause electric shock, fire doubts.
At the same time, by building a battery (rechargeable battery) energy storage system that uses more than two times, it can also be used as a government unit and power company to meet the needs of cities such as cities before the construction of new-type, high-current power transmission cable networks is completed. It is a temporary effective and safe charging power supply solution for the temporary large power demand when electric vehicles are parked and charged in parking lots such as office buildings and residential community buildings.
On the other hand, the growth momentum of the energy storage system market can also be confirmed by Taiwan's energy storage system construction goals. Taipower has previously announced that in order to cooperate with the development of Taiwan's green power applications, the target for the construction of energy storage systems is 590MW by 2025. Compared with the previous year's only 5MW, the market size has grown by more than 100 times in six years. The explosive power is astonishing, so it has attracted relevant Taiwanese manufacturers and supply chain operators to invest one after another.
Taiwan's energy lacks self-production capacity, and more than 98% of it depends on imported supplies. Therefore, "energy diversification" and "effective use of energy" are the main development directions of Taiwan's energy policy. In recent years, the Chinese government has actively promoted the "Energy Transformation" policy. According to the "Energy Development Guidelines" revised in 2017, the core of its development is to ensure energy security, green economy, environmental sustainability and social equity, and move towards the vision of a non-nuclear homeland by 2025. It is estimated that by 2025, the total power generation of renewable energy installations will account for 20% of Taiwan's overall electricity demand.
According to industry analysts, since renewable energy, including photovoltaics and wind power, is "intermittent power", in order to ensure long-term stable power supply, energy storage systems (uninterruptible power supply systems) have become standard equipment for renewable energy power plants. , The rapid rise of the wind power industry has led to a rapid growth of the energy storage system market.
The Chinese government has amended the Electricity Industry Law in 2019. The government hopes to successfully promote the construction of "energy storage facilities" through incentives, R&D and demonstration methods. It hopes that renewable energy will become a stable and reliable source of power in Taiwan, and the development of renewable energy in Taiwan will be successfully achieved. policy goals.
Since 2017, the Energy Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs has proposed a "forward-looking infrastructure" plan and launched a "regional energy storage equipment technology demonstration and verification plan". In line with government policies, CNPC began to shift its business model from petrochemical energy to green energy applications, combining renewable energy with "energy storage systems" to launch CNPC's "Smart Green Energy Gas Station", hoping to enhance Taiwan's energy storage industry Market competitiveness, and at the same time, prepare in advance to step into the competitive market of the global energy storage industry.
The development of Taiwan's energy storage industry and market is currently in its infancy. The main application scenarios are Taipower, CNPC, and government demonstration sites. Taipower is scheduled to complete the 590MW power installation goal in 2025. Kinmen will launch a large-scale energy storage project to build an energy storage system of more than 10MWh. At the same time, it plans to install a 5MWh energy storage system in Donglin Substation.
With the continuous increase in the capacity of renewable energy installations and the decreasing cost of power generation, the current market competitiveness of green electricity prices can already be compared with traditional thermal power generation. However, due to the intermittent nature of green energy power generation, an energy storage system is still required to store excess power after power generation, and to prevent renewable energy from being affected by fluctuations in weather factors and affecting the power supply grid capacity.
However, in addition to storing electricity, what other functions can energy storage systems play? Ai Zuhua, director of the Smart Energy Solutions Division of Delta Electronics EISBG, said that the energy storage system plays an important role as a "buffer" in the overall power grid. It is because of the energy storage system that the power company can smoothly dispatch power and the grid , improve the stability of power supply, and meet the needs of users for power consumption and balanced power supply.
With the increasing proportion of renewable energy power generation in the total power generation, the importance of the application of energy storage systems has also increased. Ai Zuhua said that energy storage systems not only have the function of power storage, but also for renewable energy. Short-term and long-term application characteristics.
In the long run, the energy storage system can store the excess power generated by green energy, and release the stored power when needed. Short-term application can help stabilize the power supply. Renewable energy power generation will cause fluctuations in the power grid. When the energy storage system is installed at the power generation end, it can "smooth" the output of green power. For users, it is also possible to move some of the peak power consumption to off-peak periods, which is what market participants call "shaving peaks and filling valleys".
Although natural gas power generation is the same as water storage (power) power generation, it has the function of "scheduling power", but power scheduling is divided into different time dimensions. Ai Zuhua pointed out that currently only the "battery energy storage system" is able to operate within hundreds of milliseconds. In a short period of time, other power dispatching systems are still unable to meet the high-speed requirements to successfully fill the power gap in the grid. For some large generating sets, it takes half an hour or even several hours just to increase the power. Take the energy storage system built by TPC at the Xiaxing Branch of Kinmen Tashan Power Plant as an example. It can provide up to 2MW of power within 200 milliseconds (0.2 seconds), which can provide a power supply buffer for up to 30 minutes for the grid. time.
The energy storage system has a wide range of applications and also has the function of "frequency modulation". Usually, the overall frequency of electricity consumption in Taiwan is mostly maintained at 60Hz, which represents the alternating current of the grid, and the direction and magnitude of the current changes back and forth at a frequency of 60 times per second. Among them, the frequency is a measure of the balance between supply and demand. When the power consumption and power generation are not equal, and the supply and demand are unbalanced, the frequency will drift, thus highlighting the importance of "automatic frequency control (AFC)". We can also install energy storage systems on traditional generator sets and transmission and distribution grids to help the grid adjust the power supply frequency. Ai Zuhua said that when the frequency of the grid is high, it means that the load on the grid is reduced. At this time, the energy storage system needs to be able to actively absorb power to assist the frequency of the grid to drop, and vice versa. When the frequency is low, it means that the power generation is lower than the power consumption , the energy storage system must have the ability to quickly enter the site to meet the electricity demand.
Therefore, the energy storage system has diversified functions such as "peak shaving, frequency adjustment, and quick response characteristics". It is actually a "buffer point" for the power grid. Different services such as grid transmission frequency, backup power supply, etc. Whether it is used for backup or frequency regulation, it can improve the overall grid security, and it can be said to be an important part of the application of "smart grid".
According to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Global Energy Database statistics, as of the end of 2019, the cumulative installed capacity of energy storage systems worldwide has reached 187.8GW. Among them, the most large-scale application system is "pumped and stored hydraulic power", with an installation capacity of 181.2GW. However, because hydraulic energy storage is very dependent on geographical relations, not every power generation field can be applied in one; others, such as thermal energy and hydrogen energy , compressed air, electrochemical and other energy storage methods are all energy storage technologies in the continuous development of the industry. Among them, the application of "electrochemical energy storage" has the greatest development potential, with a cumulative installation capacity of 3,297MW.
At present, more and more countries have successively promoted electric vehicles and renewable energy development policies. At this stage, the application types of electric vehicles and energy storage batteries produced by automakers around the world are mainly "lithium-ion batteries" in the market. In terms of renewable energy storage systems, most of them also use "lithium-ion batteries" as auxiliary equipment to assist the grid in power regulation. For example, Tesla built a 100MW/129MWh grid-level energy storage station in South Australia. The U.S. public utility Florida Power and Lighting Company will build a large-scale solar power plant and energy storage plant in Manatee County. Among them, the battery capacity is as high as 409MW/990MWh, and it is planned to be successfully connected to the grid after completion this year. By then, It will become the world's largest solar energy and battery energy storage plant.
Bloomberg's evaluation report shows that since 2018, the overall decline in battery prices has driven the rapid development of the large-scale energy storage market and the number of constructions has increased significantly. Therefore, from 2018 to 2030, the global demand for lithium-ion batteries will see a 10-fold growth rate.
On the other hand, in recent years, the global renewable energy development technology has become increasingly mature, and has achieved remarkable results in reducing global carbon dioxide emissions; however, continuous efforts are still needed to achieve the goal of "high conversion efficiency" for renewable energy, so it is necessary to introduce energy storage The technology is used in the power application mechanism of various renewable energy sources. With the increasing proportion of variable renewable electricity (VRE, Variable Renewable Electricity) applications, the "adjustability" of power supply has become an important development item of the system; therefore, highly flexible and intelligent "energy storage technology" has become It has become a popular development direction in the current market. The power (grid) system needs to rely on the auxiliary balancing mechanism to be able to operate stably and have a high degree of power reliability.
With the increasing demand for the operation of power plants to reduce carbon emissions, new forms of power plants also need to comply with strict environmental impact review specifications. At the same time, optimizing the power supply structure is also an important "smart" trend in the power industry.
Since the energy storage system is currently the best power storage and transmission buffer device, whether it is a traditional power plant for the purpose of improving power generation efficiency or increasing the proportion of renewable energy power generation to meet the standard, the energy storage system can simultaneously perform a variety of different power related functions. Use key roles. According to the survey of TrendForce Green Energy Research (EnergyTrend), the configuration change from "centralized energy generation" to "smart decentralized power grid" is now an inevitable trend of smart cities in the future. The global large-scale energy storage (BESS) capacity is estimated to reach 3.2GWh in 2020, and the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from 2019 to 2024 will reach 22%.
The development and changes of the power industry are mainly affected by the differences in different regions and laws. Since the demand points of each electricity consumption area are different, understanding the characteristics and needs of local electricity consumption is a necessary way to successfully catch the energy transformation train.
The North American energy storage market can be divided into three categories: "front-meter energy storage (power generation and transmission and distribution), industrial energy storage, and consumer energy storage". "Pre-meter energy storage" combines renewable energy charging mode, according to investment tax credit (ITC), accelerated depreciation (MACRS) and other tax incentives. In 2016, the government expanded the scope of subsidies and incentives from the original solar energy to new energy storage. Systems are covered, with cost credits ranging from 22% to 30%.
In terms of energy storage for people's livelihood, along with the high electricity prices (23~30cent/kWh) in California, Hawaii and other places, it further stimulates the demand for energy storage at the user end. Tesla, Sunrun, etc. have launched "solar power generation systems with energy storage systems". Through The electricity price market mechanism has successfully generated demand for energy storage system devices.
A considerable number of renewable energy generating units have been built in Europe. The focus of future development will be on power storage during off-peak demand. In recent years, Germany and other regions have also begun to actively build household energy storage systems. The main development key in the UK is the application on the power generation side. When solar energy and energy storage systems are configured in parallel, they are mostly used to solve the problem of electricity consumption during peak periods, especially when the heating device is activated, which causes a seasonal increase in electricity consumption. The terminal must be equipped with an energy storage system that can bridge the short-term power difference in the "peak power consumption period". At the beginning of February last year, in the British demand side response (demand side resource, DSR) bid, the agreed capacity has reached a market size of more than 100MW a year.
In Asia, China has changed the power ancillary service market from the current "price mechanism" where the government provides basic subsidies. Transforming into a "market mechanism" for electricity retail, in the long run, there is an opportunity to expand the application scale of energy storage systems in large-scale power grids, and at the same time, it can further increase the output value of the electric energy storage service market for off-meter energy storage. However, in the short term, whether the energy storage system should be positioned as an auxiliary service on the power generation side or used to adjust the power supply stability of the transmission and distribution system still needs to be determined by clear policy guidelines. In addition, since 2009, Japan also has a total of nearly 500,000 household solar grid-connected systems. The original 10-year preferential power purchase plan has also expired, further driving up the demand for energy storage system applications in the retrofit market.
Delta Electric (2308) currently has green energy application-related product lines including solar energy (inverter, energy storage system) and wind power (doubly-fed wind power converter, generator, and energy storage system). The product line is more complete than its peers , which is estimated to account for 3% of Delta's current related revenue.
As the government is optimistic about promoting the popularization of green power policies, the grid connection between green power and the current power grid will require the construction of energy storage systems to buffer and adjust power supply and transmission. Delta's "energy storage system" product line At present, it is quite complete, and also includes software, hardware and service provision, including battery energy storage system, power conditioning system (PCS), energy management system (EMS, software), control system, simulation prediction tool (software), engineering system Bao et al.; business performance cases include Taipower Shulin Research Institute, Delta Power Plant No. 5 in Taoyuan, Changshi University Megawatt Energy Storage Demonstration System, Kaohsiung Yongan Solar Power Plant, Taipower Kinmen Xiaxing Power Plant, etc.
In addition, after a two-year test period, Delta Power officially launched the "Megawatt (MW) energy storage demonstration system entrusted by Delta Electric with the wind power developer "Osun Energy" in June last year. ", Delta's energy storage products officially entered Taiwan's offshore wind power industry and market. In response to the development market trend of green energy applications, Delta stated that it will continue to deploy inverter and energy storage business opportunities in the market outlook, and it is expected to continue to inject operating income.
On the other hand, the legal person organization believes that due to the impact of natural disasters such as California fires and hurricanes in recent years, the American people have paid more attention to issues related to climate change, and have also increased their acceptance of green electricity life applications. Delta is currently supplying solar inverters (power inverters) for the U.S. market, mainly for home users. It is expected to be shipped in the future, and it is expected to benefit from the American public and the market’s increased acceptance of environmentally friendly green power applications. The volume will continue to increase.
Taiwan’s major power supply manufacturer Kangsu (6282) has been in the renewable energy related application market for many years. It is currently the only supplier of “power converters” for the US fuel cell manufacturer Bloom Energy. As the market share of customers continues to increase, it will go to The annual Bloom Energy contribution to the company's revenue has reached 900 million to 1 billion yuan, and it is expected to see a double-digit growth rate this year. On the other hand, government bids such as smart grid and smart meters are still in heavy volume. Last year, they contributed 800 million yuan to Kangshu's overall revenue. The company will also actively strive for this year's bids.
In terms of power generation, Kangshu focuses on the installation of "solar system engineering" and grasps the needs of power plants. At present, the deployment of solar power plants has reached 35MW, and last year it contributed revenue close to 100 million yuan. Kang Shu said that the solar power plant construction orders that he has grasped this year are about 85MW in scale. In addition, there are still 40~50MW tenders in progress. The legal entity estimates that the contribution of Kangshu Solar's revenue this year is expected to double that of last year.
In addition, Kangshu also plans to cooperate with peers to develop a "power generation platform", which can sell green electricity on the platform. It is mainly aimed at manufacturers who cannot generate electricity by themselves after the implementation of the "Large Electricity User Clause" this year. They can go to the platform to purchase green electricity Capacity to meet the requirements of government regulations, the company is optimistic about the trend of long-term development and business opportunities can be expected.
At the same time, Kangshu is actively preparing to build a new factory at the Tamsui Institute in New Taipei City. It is scheduled to become a demonstration factory area of "Smart Energy Polymerization Building" in the future. Grid" management system to distribute power distribution. Kang Shu said that this system is not only used by itself, but also plans to further replicate and promote it to other manufacturers' factories in the future. It is optimistic that it is expected to become the next wave of new growth momentum.
Taiwan industrial computer factory Guangding (6441), in 2020, the focus of operation will be shifted to the two major areas of gaming and energy storage business. Ranked the fourth largest factory in the world, it is estimated that it will receive four times the number of orders every year from 2020 to 2025)", after the Japanese electronics giant "Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (Murata)" entered the energy storage system (ESS) market, it successfully transformed As an "energy storage concept stock", its stock price has rebounded significantly recently. Not only has it successfully ranked among Taiwan's industrial computer stocks with a high price of 100 yuan, its stock price has even set a new record high.
Despite the continuous impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, all staff of Guangding Company are still working non-stop. In the first half of last year in April, a small number of energy storage system products were mass-produced, and in the second half of the year, large-scale shipments began. Guang Ding said that Taipower’s bidding project and large-scale enterprise electricity users are still in contact. This part of the business is not affected by the epidemic, and the company will be more active in layout and development.
At the same time, in April of the previous year, Guangding successfully purchased the Zhongli factory of its colleague Xinke, successfully integrated the production line of the factory, continued to actively deploy ESS and game production capacity, and relocated the headquarters to Xizhi, gearing up and getting ready for the big One hand. Guangding goes deeper into the battery manufacturing process product line, actively diversifies planning and production, uses "battery modules" for energy storage systems and electric vehicles, and continues to attack the growing electric vehicle replacement station market.
As the application market of the important energy storage equipment of the global green power system and the "energy storage system" of the electric vehicle charging helper is increasing, it is expected to inject operational growth momentum into the supply chain of related Taiwanese factories.
(Article source: Money Weekly )
